我们在这里关心心理健康的程度，尤其是痛苦和其他福祉的困难，以及像年轻人从青春期转变为成年初期的困难。讨论基于来自英格兰年轻人（LSYPE）的纵向研究的数据，现在称为下一步。在2004年，对16,000年的9年级学生进行了调查，并在每年的七次浪潮中进行了跟踪。在2015/16年度，当年轻人年龄在25岁左右时，进行了第八波浪潮，其中7,700人做出了回应。

The analyses presented here are of waves 2 and 8. Both of these waves included the administration of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), a self- administered screening procedure for minor (non-psychotic) psychiatric disorders which is suitable for adolescents and adults. The GHQ is oriented to short-term disorders, not longstanding attributes. The research version consists of 12 items, has high reliability and is unidimensional (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). In a previous analysis we have treated negative responses on between one and three items as showing minor issues of mental wellbeing, and negative responses on four or more items as showing more serious issues (Attwood & Croll, 2015).

青春期的心理健康

In wave 2, when the young people were 14 or 15, just under half (47.7 per cent) reported no difficulties, while almost a third (32.9 per cent) gave between one and three negative responses, and about a fifth (19.4 per cent) gave four or more negative responses. The highest levels of negativity were reported in relation to feeling ‘constantly under strain’ (27.3 per cent) and ‘feeling unhappy and depressed’ (24.1 per cent), while the lowest levels concerned not feeling ‘capable of making decisions’ (6.4 per cent) and not feeling ‘able to face up to problems’ (8.5 per cent). Female students were considerably more likely to report difficulties than male students, with 24.5 per cent reporting four or more issues compared with 11.8 per cent of males. Problems of wellbeing were also associated with reporting being bullied and truanting, but there were no associations with attainment or socioeconomic status (SES).

成年初的精神健康

Ten years later, when the respondents were young adults, they again completed the GHQ. Overall, reported problems with wellbeing were higher among the young adults than they had been when the same young people were aged 14 or 15. (Of course, this analysis is complicated by the fact that response rates were much higher in the earlier survey. However, GHQ scores at wave 2 were not a predictor of responding at wave 8 so we have some confidence that this result is not an artefact of participation rates.)

‘The highest levels of negativity were reported in relation to feeling “constantly under strain” (27.3%) and “feeling unhappy and depressed” (24.1%).’

大约四分之一（24.3％）的年轻人报告了四个或更多的负反应，比较早的数字增长了约25％，没有负反应的比例降至43.1％。和以前一样，表现出最高负面因素的项目“不断地疲劳”，现在高达34.5％，并且感到“不快乐和沮丧”，几乎保持不变，达到25.0％。比例最大的增长是无法“享受正常的日常活动”，现在为18.8％，而早期为10.3％。和以前一样，女性比男性更有可能报告心理健康问题。尽管差异并不像青少年时那样巨大，但表明男性随着年龄的增长较大。与SES和研究生状况的关联较弱，SES类别中的人们和非毕业生的报告可能更有可能报告问题。

随着时间的流逝，健康的连续性

adoles心理健康之间的关系cence and early adulthood is shown by the correlation between scores at the two points in time. The overall correlation coefficient was 0.24, a modest level of association showing that earlier levels of wellbeing were predictive of later levels but by no means determined them. For example, of those reporting no wellbeing issues at wave 2 about half (51.4 per cent) again reported no issues at wave 8, but one in six (17.3 per cent) now reported four or more issues. Of those reporting four or more problems at wave 2, just over a quarter (27.4 per cent) had no negative reports at wave 8; however, almost four in 10 (38.5 per cent) again reported four or more negatives. So, for about a quarter of young people there were no negative responses at either point, while for just under 10 per cent there were relatively high levels of problems of wellbeing which continued from adolescence into adulthood.

GHQ的明确设计用于测量短期疾病，而不是长期属性。这些结果表明，对于大多数年轻人而言，提出的问题具有短期性质，但对于少数人来说，它们表明幸福感的持久和长期问题。该协会（尽管是弱者）具有SES和成就（即研究生地位），该协会是为年轻人出现的，但并不明显，这引发了人们对幸福感可能对职业和资格的影响的疑问。

Gaynor Attwood and Paul Croll

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References

Attwood, G., & Croll, P. (2015). Truancy and wellbeing among secondary school pupils in England.教育研究，，，，4（1-2），14-28。

Goldberg，D。＆Hillier，V。（1979）。一般健康问卷的缩放版本。心理医学，，，，9(1), 139–145.